Information technologies and computational thinking; concepts of and approaches to problem-solving; algorithm and flow charts; computer systems; basic concepts about software and hardware; basics of operating systems, recent operating systems; file management; application software; word processing programs; calculation/table/graphics programs; presentation programs; desktop publishing; database management systems; web design; internet use in education; communication and collaborative technologies; safe internet use; information technology ethics and copyright; the effects of computers and the internet on children/teenagers.